@article {105267,
	title = {Phytochemical profiling and in vitro antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, antibacterial, and photoprotective activities of Coronilla minima L. fractions},
	journal = {Notulae Scientia Biologicae},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3},
	year = {2026},
	pages = {12903},
	abstract = {Coronilla minima L. is a Mediterranean Fabaceae species whose phytochemical composition and biological properties remain incompletely characterized. This study profiled the phenolic constituents of methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions and evaluated their in vitro antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, antibacterial, and photoprotective activities. Preliminary phytochemical screening and spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were followed by LC{\textendash}ESI{\textendash}MS/MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, reducing-power, silver-nanoparticle, and phenanthroline assays; α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, agar-disc antibacterial activity, and spectrophotometric sun protection factor (SPF) were also determined. LC{\textendash}ESI{\textendash}MS/MS detected 19 compounds among 44 authenticated standards, with chlorogenic acid showing the highest concentration in the methanolic fraction (122.79 {\textmu}g/g). Rutin (29.46 {\textmu}g/g), hesperidin (28.67 {\textmu}g/g), and isoquercitrin (28.50 {\textmu}g/g) were the most abundant flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction generally showed the strongest in vitro activity, including DPPH scavenging (IC50 41.87 {\textpm} 0.48 {\textmu}g/mL), α-amylase inhibition (IC50 113.98 {\textpm} 4.65 {\textmu}g/mL), and AChE inhibition (IC50 11.75 {\textpm} 1.84 {\textmu}g/mL). Antibacterial effects were confined mainly to Gram-positive strains, whereas no tested fraction inhibited Escherichia coli. The three fractions showed similar in vitro SPF values (43.56{\textendash}44.85). These findings identify C. minima as a source of phenolic constituents with multiple in vitro bioactivities, while further mechanistic, toxicological, and in vivo studies are required before therapeutic or cosmetic applications can be considered.},
	url = {https://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/view/12903},
	author = {Bensaad, Mohamed Sabri and Allaoua, Zina and Hayat Kherkhache and Chawki Bensouici and Hatice Banu Keskinkaya and Salah Akkal}
}
