<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reffas, Brahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabouch,Seifeddine,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavior of High Embankments on Compressible Soil Reinforced with Stone Columns</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indian Geotechnical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-025-01448-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper focuses on evaluating the settlement and bearing capacity of compressible soil reinforced with stone columns, by applying load compensation through embankment bodies of varying heights at the level of the column heads and the surrounding soil, the latter is a soil formation consisting of a clay layer containing within it a group of columns embedded in the layer in the form of a square mesh resting in turn on a layer of marl, through a load distribution and transfer mattress located above them spread along the group of columns and the same loads are applied to both models of the unit cell and the isolated column in order to perceive how the three models of distinct geometric shape act and produce an effect on the results of instantaneous settlements obtained for an applied static load. In addition, the bearing capacity for the isolated column model is estimated, based on the theoretical principle of Datye (1982), describing the failure mechanism of a top-loaded isolated stone column embedded in a compressible layer, which was analyzed and developed by Greenwood 1970. Using a calculation code (Flac 3D), numerical simulations were performed to obtain and analyze the settlements for the three models, and the bearing capacity for the isolated column model. The numerical results are estimated using other methods and analytical approaches available in the literature that support this line of research. The comparison of settlement results between the numerical models related to the study of this analysis to indicate that both column group and isolated column models show deviations and quantitative differences correlatively low estimated in percentage between − 5.8% and + 8.8% explaining a suitable and adequate convergence. On the other hand, divergences were recorded are more considerable between the column group model and the composite unit cell ranging from + 64% to + 127%, as well as between the isolated column and the composite cell from + 51% to + 126%. These results highlight that the composite cell systematically reduces settlements, while the group model can be considered as the most significant, especially under high applied loads. Regarding the bearing capacity, some analytical methods present a suitable and almost similar estimation of numerical values with reduced percentages varying between − 1.18% and + 1.34%.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAOUCHE Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEZIH Kamel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DJENANE Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toufik, Karech</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Investigation of the Performance ofSand Columns in Soft Clay Improvement</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.v20i1.05</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABSTRACT&lt;br&gt;Article History:&lt;br&gt;Received: 22/5/2025&lt;br&gt;Accepted: 17/8/2025&lt;br&gt;This study examines the effects of installing stone columns in soft clay using numerical&lt;br&gt;simulations of small-scale laboratory tests. These tests involve reinforcing Kaolin&lt;br&gt;specimens with sand columns constructed using two techniques: simple replacement&lt;br&gt;without compaction and replacement with compaction. After installation, the&lt;br&gt;specimens were subjected to loading to evaluate their mechanical behavior. A&lt;br&gt;parametric study was conducted to assess the influence of key factors, including area&lt;br&gt;replacement ratio, geogrid confinement, column length, and intensity of compaction&lt;br&gt;stress. The results showed that settlement reduction is proportional to the area&lt;br&gt;replacement ratio, column length, and the stiffness of the geogrid encasement. For a&lt;br&gt;16% area replacement ratio, the relative settlement decreased from 14.6% to 12.1%,&lt;br&gt;with a corresponding stress concentration ratio of 1.92. When geogrid confinement&lt;br&gt;was applied, settlement was further reduced to 6.9% and stress concentration ratio&lt;br&gt;increased to 15.9. Moreover, columns installed with compaction led to a 20% reduction&lt;br&gt;in the void ratio near the column, lowering the settlement to 9.23%. This reduction was&lt;br&gt;directly related to the intensity of the compaction stress applied. The study highlighted&lt;br&gt;the importance of the column installation method on the behavior of reinforced soils</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiyyour, Sami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamic Behavior of a Wall Made of Jointed Bored Piles Reinforcedby Anchors in 2D and 3D, Case of the Ain‑Naadja Metro Station(Algiers)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01419-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil reinforcement encompasses a set of techniques aimed at enhancing its mechanical or physical properties by introducing&lt;br&gt;inclusions that work under tension, compression, or flexion. Some of these techniques include soil nailing, anchor tiebacks,&lt;br&gt;micro-piles, bored piles, and ballasted columns. In this study, we analyze the behavior of a wall anchored by five anchor&lt;br&gt;tiebacks (model of the Ain-Naadja Station 02) subjected to seismic excitations based on the Boumerdes 2003 response&lt;br&gt;spectrum. The analysis is carried out using 2D and 3D finite element methods with the dynamic calculation software Plaxis&lt;br&gt;version 20. The obtained results are presented in terms of horizontal stresses, shear stresses, horizontal displacements, and&lt;br&gt;horizontal deformations over time along the wall (piles) at three different positions: the top, middle, and base of the wall.&lt;br&gt;This is done to anticipate the effect of seismic loading on the stability of the structure.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H.Baghzim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T.Karech</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Modeling of the Quasi‑static and Dynamic Response of an Earthen Dam: Case of the Ourkiss Dam</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indiana geotecnical journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The construction of earth dams on active faults presents a risk of instability. The Ourkiss dam, built 14&amp;nbsp;km south of the town of Ain Fakroun, is a heterogeneous type of dam made of clay and alluvial materials, with a watertight geo-membrane lining on the upstream face of the dam and on the dam fanks. Due to its location close to active faults, the dam could be damaged by instability in the event of a very strong earthquake. For this reason, in this article a comparison between two study approaches is made: one is quasi-static based on a failure analysis due to the efect of normal and reverse fault propagation. Diferent angles of inclination are applied by sliding through the Ourkiss dam at the end of construction and in the flled state. The other approach is based on the dynamic efect of the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake (magnitude 6.9 on the Richter scale), modeled with a sinusoidal propagation velocity applied to the model base in the horizontal direction. The results obtained for both approaches are presented in terms of shear deformations developed at the dam foundation and dike. They show that the deformation values found by the quasi-static method are greater than those found by the dynamic method.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H.Beghzim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T.Karech</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The impact of seismic waves to evaluate the behaviour of a real case of damaged earth dam</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Australian Journal of Civil Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2023.2218073</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-12</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many earth dams are damaged by shearing under seismic stresses effect. In Algeria, earthquake of 21 May 2003, of magnitude Mm = 6.9 on Richter scale, considered as the most violent for more than 20 years, occurred about 70 km east of Algiers’s capital, where a large number of structures were damaged in this region. The aim of this article is to present a numerical analysis of an earth dam in the province of Oum-Elboughi. The objective is to show the influence of compressive seismic waves and the effect of foundation deph on dam behavior .The stady was carried out using a 2D finite difference method (FDM) using the FLAC 2D calculation code. In this analysis, a soil nonlinear behaviour is provided by a combined Hardin/Drnevich hysteretic damping behaviour model with Mohr–Coulomb elasto-plastic model. Results that are presented in terms of deformations and shear stresses developed at the dam and dam foundation show that the most critical area is located on the downstream side of the dam. Increasing the foundation depth decreases the value of horizontal stress, while decreasing it increases the dam instability risk.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.ANNANE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T.Karech</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical analysis of the diaphragm walls &amp;ldquo;case of Oued Smar metro station&amp;mdash;Algiers&amp;rdquo;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innovative Infrastructure Solutions </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41062-023-01065-1</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The stability of underground structures of great height in soft clays in urban areas requires a study which takes into account all the parameters which influence its behavior. The study of the Oued Smar—Algiers station which is carried out in an urban area is numerically analyzed in 3D. This analysis takes into account the effect of the environment of the structure, the geotechnical parameters, as well as the effect of the different implementation phases. The results obtained in terms of stresses and pore pressures are studied. Inclinometers installed in the wall according to a fixed grid, whose measurements taken after each excavation are compared with the displacements obtained numerically. The calculated horizontal displacements are lower than those measured in situ.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1007/s41062-023-01065-1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amal Mekaoussi, Toufik Karech, Abdelkader Noui</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Study of the Variation of the Voids Ratio of Soil ImprovedStone Column</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-00946-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research work is part of the trend of soil reinforcement procedures aimed at improving poor quality soils. Among these&lt;br&gt;techniques, those that use stone columns. Although the aspects concerning the construction processes are now well mastered,&lt;br&gt;the design methods of these reinforced soils remain to be developed.&lt;br&gt;A numerical simulation presented to study two unit cell models. The 3D proposed simulation model is subjected to gravity&lt;br&gt;and a static load. The first model presents a unit cell composed of stone column in the center and a surrounding clay soil&lt;br&gt;volume. The second is converted into an equivalent unit cell (the volume averaging) in terms of physical and mechanical&lt;br&gt;parameters of a composite material (equivalent parameters).&lt;br&gt;Under the effect of incrementally loading–unloading applied to these unit cell models, voids ratio variations and stress path&lt;br&gt;evolution are analyzed. The results indicate that applying a load to an equivalent unit cell can affect the void ratio-volumetric&lt;br&gt;deformation curves and increase settlement. The void ratio and the corresponding volumetric deformation decreased by&lt;br&gt;comparing the equivalent homogenized model with the non-homogenized model. The results show that the void ratio&lt;br&gt;decreases by about 10% on average, but the volumetric strain decreases by 80%. Therefore, the stress path corresponding&lt;br&gt;to the decrease of the average effective stress by 1% increases the deviatoric stress on average by 10%. Diagrams obtained&lt;br&gt;by numerical results are in accordance with the results derived from experimental observations. The adopted technique can&lt;br&gt;substantially can describe sufficiently the influence of the equivalents physical and mechanical parameters on the improvement&lt;br&gt;in the soil of unit cell.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baghzim Hassiba, Karech Toufik, Bouzid Tayeb</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Analysis of Quasistatic Behavior of the EarthDam&amp;mdash;Case Study of the Ourkiss Dam, Algeria.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geotechnical Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://engineeringjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/JoGE/index</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;span class=&quot;markedContent&quot; id=&quot;page3R_mcid6&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:395.325px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.962837);&quot;&gt;The analysis of failure due to the effect of propagation of normal and reverse faults with different&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:415.925px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.944527);&quot;&gt;angles of inclination and by slip through the Ourkiss dam is studied numerically. The study is done &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:436.525px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.936348);&quot;&gt;mainly at the end of the construction and at the highes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:534.317px;top:436.525px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.939279);&quot;&gt;t water level. The non&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:699.767px;top:436.525px;18.4px;sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:705.767px;top:436.525px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.956765);&quot;&gt;linear finite difference&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:457.125px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.910139);&quot;&gt;method is used considering four angles of inclination of the fault, active at the centre of the dam base.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:477.725px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.937885);&quot;&gt;The results of the study show that the shear stress values increase with the increase of the vertical&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:498.525px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.936852);&quot;&gt;displacement of the imposed base in both the empty and filled dam conditions, for both normal and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left:120.04px;top:519.125px;18.4px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.919974);&quot;&gt;inverted faults.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aicha Berkan, Toufik Karech, Abdelkader Noui</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parametric Study of Shallow Tunnel Under Seismic Conditions for Constantine Motorway Tunnel, Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geotechnical and Geological Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-02029-x</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When designing tunnels, it is advisable to pre-estimate several tunnel parameters such as the depth (cover), the lining thickness, and the shape of the tunnel cross section. This condition is important in order to limit deformations during construction of the tunnel, and to ensure good tunnel resistance under seismic load conditions. In this context, the present paper is devoted to the analysis of the influence of some test parameters (the cover of the tunnel, the thickness of the lining, and the shape of the tunnel and the direction of the seismic waves) on the behaviour of the soil and the lining of a shallow tunnel built in soft ground subjected to seismic loading. The reference model for this parametric study is a real case, which happens to be the tunnel of Djebel El Ouahch (EastWest motorway) in the province of Constantine/ Algeria. The study is performed in three dimensions (3D) using a finite difference calculation method based on the FLAC3D calculation code. The results are presented in terms of shear strain induced in the soil around the tunnel, surface settlement, and vertical displacement of soil under the raft foundation, and also shear stress, bending moment, and shear strain, induced in the tunnel lining. The results show that the increase in thickness of the lining causes a reduction in shear force, and shear strain, while the circular or oval shape of the tunnel cross section results in low values of strain in the lining and ground displacement. It has been also pointed out that bending moment and shear strain induced in the lining are relatively low in comparison with the other forms. On the other hand, the direction of the seismic waves has a great influence on the behaviour of the lining and the surrounding soil. These results demonstrate that the strongest and most stable tunnel is the deepest tunnel with circular or oval section with a large thickness of the tunnel lining under the effect of compressive seismic waves. The results of the present study will be useful in the design of such a case by understanding the effects of various influencing parameters that control the stability of the tunnel in soil with bad characteristics</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toufik Karech, Noui Abdelkader, Berkan Aicha,Ahmed Beroual</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Engineering Sciences</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div style=&quot;left:85.3235px;top:432.963px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.882764);&quot;&gt;
	The digging of one or more tunnels is a process that destabilizes the field, maintaining the stability of the tunnel wall and
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&lt;div style=&quot;left:85.3235px;top:451.165px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.937647);&quot;&gt;
	control of ground movements around the gallery resulting from each excavation and the interaction between two tunnels mu
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	st
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	be controlled. This research aims to analyze and understand the physical mechanisms games during the digging of two twin
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	tunnels throughout the spatial configurations and evaluated the ground motion induced by the interaction between
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	these two
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	lasts
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	. Th
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	e three
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	-
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&lt;div style=&quot;left:189.45px;top:506.72px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.887979);&quot;&gt;
	dimensional effect of widening is taken into account using the decontainment
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	
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	rate of soil adjacent to the
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&lt;div style=&quot;left:85.3235px;top:524.922px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.919746);&quot;&gt;
	excavation by the application of the convergence
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	-
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&lt;div style=&quot;left:398.066px;top:524.922px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.930254);&quot;&gt;
	confinement method. The modeling work is executed in two
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	-
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	dimensional, by
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&lt;div style=&quot;left:85.3235px;top:543.125px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.937013);&quot;&gt;
	using the finite d
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&lt;div style=&quot;left:201.774px;top:543.125px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.902615);&quot;&gt;
	ifference code Flac
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;left:329.23821895424834px;top:543.1247775816993px;15.737450980392158px;sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
	-
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;left:334.547px;top:543.125px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.936454);&quot;&gt;
	2D. A comparison of numerical simulation results with in
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;left:724.6495751633987px;top:543.1247775816993px;15.737450980392158px;sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
	-
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;left:729.959px;top:543.125px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.889751);&quot;&gt;
	situ measurements was
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;left:85.3235px;top:561.327px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.91157);&quot;&gt;
	established in the particular case of two parallel horizontal tubes of the tunnel T4 on Elharouche Skikda and for which
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;left:85.3235px;top:579.529px;15.7375px;sans-serif;transform:scaleX(0.916994);&quot;&gt;
	experimental data exist.
&lt;/div&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISSN 0976  – 6693</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amina Abdı</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS-based Fuzzy Logic and the Analytical Hierarchical Processes Approach: A Case Study in Constantine (North-East Algeria)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geotechnical and Geological Engineering An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28 juiller 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the performance of two multicriteria models for landslide susceptibility assessment in Constantine, north-east of Algeria. The landslide susceptibility maps were produced using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) via twelve landslides conditioning factors, including the slope gradient, lithology, land cover, distance from drainage network, distance from the roads, distance from faults, topographic wetness index, stream power index, slope curvature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, slope aspect and elevation. In this study, the mentioned models were used to derive the weighting value of the conditioning factors. For the validation process of these models, the receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied by comparing the obtained results to The landslide inventory map which prepared using the archives of scientific publications, reports of local authorities, and field survey as well as analyzing satellite imagery. According to the AUC values, the FAHP model had the highest value (0.908) followed by the AHP model (0.777). As a result, the FAHP model is more consistent and accurate than the AHP in this case study. The outcome of this paper may be useful for landslide susceptibility assessment and land use management.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOI: 10.1007/s10706-021-01855-3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aicha Berkan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANALYSE NUMÉRIQUE DU COMPORTEMENT DYNAMIQUE D&amp;rsquo;UN TUNNEL APPLICATION AU CAS DU TUNNEL DE DJEBEL EL-OUAHCH (AUTOROUTE EST-OUEST, ALGÉRIE)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALGÉRIE ÉQUIPEMENT</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecole National des Travaux Public</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8-25</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aicha Berkan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samy Mezhoud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmed Beroul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Shallow Tunnel: a Case Study of Djebel El-Ouahch Tunnel, Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scopus</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of the seismic behavior of tunnels has become a major concern for geotechnicians in recent years, especially after the collapse of the many underground structures around the world, constructed in soft ground at shallow depths. Several studies focused on the distortion of the tunnel cross section caused by shear waves which propagate vertically to the tunnel axis. However, the study of the tunnel seismic response to the compression waves which propagate parallel to the axis of the tunnel is almost neglected. These compression waves can cause a serious axial and bending deformation in the tunnel lining. Therefore, this paper aims to present a numerical analysis of part of the T1 tunnel of the Algerian East-West Highway, in the province of Constantine, that suffered a very significant damage caused by a sudden collapse. The goal is to demonstrate the influence of seismic waves of compression as well&amp;nbsp;…</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samy Kiyyour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Wall Behaviour in the Contiguous Drilled Piles Reinforced by Anchors in 3D the &amp;ldquo;case study&amp;rdquo; of Ain-Naadja Metro Station&amp;ndash;(Algiers)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geotech Geol Eng (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01670-2</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01670-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamed Laouche, Toufik Karech, Damien Rangeard, Juan Martinez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental Study of the Effects of Installation of Sand Columns in Compressible Clay Using a Reduced Model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geotechnical and Geological Engineering An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255–264</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISSN0960-3182</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehdi Mebarki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S Benyahia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEM Derfouf</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volumetric behavior of natural swelling soil on drying-wetting paths. Application to the Boumagueur marl-Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sciendo</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mehdi Mebarki, Toufik Karech, Mounir Derfour, Said Taibi, Nabil Aboubaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydromechanical behavior of naturel swelling soil of Boumegueur region (east of Algeria)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomechanical and Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69-79</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISSN: 2005-307X(Print), 2092-6219 (Online)</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkane, Aicha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karech, Toufik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical modeling of the pathological case of a damaged tunnel application to Djebel El-Ouahch tunnel (east&amp;ndash;west highway)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asian Journal of Civil Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdelkader Noui, Toufik Karech, Tayeb Bouzid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Behavior of a Unit Cell of a Loose sand Reinforced by Stone Column Under the Effect of Gravity Using Finn Model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indian Geotechnical Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255–264</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chafia Djeloul, Toufik Karech, Rafik Demagh, Oulid Liman, Juan Martinez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2D Numerical investigation of twin tunnels influence of excavation phase shift</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geomechanics and Engineering International journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295-308</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>