<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAOUCHE Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEZIH Kamel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DJENANE Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toufik, Karech</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Investigation of the Performance ofSand Columns in Soft Clay Improvement</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.v20i1.05</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABSTRACT&lt;br&gt;Article History:&lt;br&gt;Received: 22/5/2025&lt;br&gt;Accepted: 17/8/2025&lt;br&gt;This study examines the effects of installing stone columns in soft clay using numerical&lt;br&gt;simulations of small-scale laboratory tests. These tests involve reinforcing Kaolin&lt;br&gt;specimens with sand columns constructed using two techniques: simple replacement&lt;br&gt;without compaction and replacement with compaction. After installation, the&lt;br&gt;specimens were subjected to loading to evaluate their mechanical behavior. A&lt;br&gt;parametric study was conducted to assess the influence of key factors, including area&lt;br&gt;replacement ratio, geogrid confinement, column length, and intensity of compaction&lt;br&gt;stress. The results showed that settlement reduction is proportional to the area&lt;br&gt;replacement ratio, column length, and the stiffness of the geogrid encasement. For a&lt;br&gt;16% area replacement ratio, the relative settlement decreased from 14.6% to 12.1%,&lt;br&gt;with a corresponding stress concentration ratio of 1.92. When geogrid confinement&lt;br&gt;was applied, settlement was further reduced to 6.9% and stress concentration ratio&lt;br&gt;increased to 15.9. Moreover, columns installed with compaction led to a 20% reduction&lt;br&gt;in the void ratio near the column, lowering the settlement to 9.23%. This reduction was&lt;br&gt;directly related to the intensity of the compaction stress applied. The study highlighted&lt;br&gt;the importance of the column installation method on the behavior of reinforced soils</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record></records></xml>