<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abderrahmane, Benseghir; Toufik, Karec</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical Evaluation and Comparison of 2D Approaches for Analyzingthe Behavior of Dam Foundations Reinforced by Stone Columns</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indiana Geotechnical</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This research study addresses the transformation from 3D systems into a 2D plane model to examine the effectiveness&lt;br&gt;of simplified modeling approaches for stone columns in soft soil dam foundation using PLAXIS 2D. Three discrete&lt;br&gt;modeling techniques were evaluated and compared with an untreated foundation, a homogenized model, and a unit cell&lt;br&gt;model. The analyses included sequential plastic-consolidation calculations and full construction simulations, incorporating&lt;br&gt;installation-induced soil stiffening. The results revealed that each approach enhances stress distribution and reduces&lt;br&gt;settlement; however, they impact the performance differently. The homogeneous model is the most effective in reducing&lt;br&gt;displacement, but it eliminates stress concentration effects and differential displacements. The elasticity adjustment&lt;br&gt;method provides the most realistic load-transfer mechanism, balancing stress concentration and settlement. The spacing&lt;br&gt;and diameter adjustment models show localized stress peaks and less settlement reduction. Incorporating installation&lt;br&gt;effects significantly changes both stress and settlement responses, as increasing the stiffness of the surrounding soil redistributes&lt;br&gt;vertical stress from columns into the matrix and reduces total settlements. The findings confirm the agreement&lt;br&gt;between simulations and field settlement measurements, confirming that the stiffness increase in the surrounding soil plays&lt;br&gt;a critical role in the overall system response. despite the limitation of 2D modeling in capturing the full 3D confinement&lt;br&gt;behavior, it can reliably predict the field-scale performance of stone columns reinforced foundations, offering a practical&lt;br&gt;and computationally efficient alternative to 3D simulations for large-scale geotechnical projects. However, the design&lt;br&gt;parameters must be carefully tuned.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>