Cet ouvrage pédagogique est spécifiquement conçu pour les étudiants de deuxième année du parcours Ingénieur en Génie des Procédés. Conforme au canevas du parcours Ingénieur d’État, particulièrement destiné aux bacheliers TM, il propose une approche exhaustive et structurée des concepts essentiels de la statistique et des probabilités, indispensables aux futurs ingénieurs.
Divisé en deux parties principales – Statistique et Probabilités – ce guide explore les notions de base, les méthodes d'analyse des données univariées et bivariées, ainsi que les théories et applications des probabilités. Les étudiants y trouveront des explications claires, des exemples concrets et des exercices pratiques qui facilitent l'apprentissage et renforcent leurs compétences analytiques.
Ce guide pratique est un outil incontournable pour les étudiants désireux d'acquérir une compréhension approfondie des probabilités et de la statistique et de les appliquer de manière efficace dans le domaine du génie des procédés. Grâce à sa pédagogie accessible et à ses ressources variées, cet ouvrage prépare les étudiants à exceller dans leurs études et à relever les défis de leur future carrière d'ingénieur.
Ce support résulte de la lecture d’ouvrages et de documents, dont la plupart ne sont pas cités dans la bibliographie. Fort de trente-deux années d'enseignement de cette matière (au lycée, en formation professionnelle spécialisée et à l'université), je partage ici une approche exhaustive et structurée des concepts essentiels.
Le livre est composé de neuf chapitres :
Partie A : Statistique
Chapitre A1 : Définitions de base
Chapitre A2 : Séries statistiques à une variable
Chapitre A3 : Séries statistiques à deux variables
Partie B : Probabilités
Chapitre B1 : Analyse combinatoire
Chapitre B2 : Introduction aux probabilités
Chapitre B3 : Conditionnement et indépendance
Chapitre B4 : Variables aléatoires
Chapitre B5 : Lois de probabilité discrètes usuelles
Chapitre B6 : Lois de probabilité continues usuelles
The overhaul of medical school graduation programs is part of an innovative approach to quality. Medical educators continually seek to bridge the gap between the needs of medical practice and the growing expectations of their country’s communities. The introduction of new programs in 2018, as part of this overhaul, incorporates conceptual curricular aspects such as the organization of studies into three cycles, the competency-based teaching approach, the objectives of training programs, simulation-based learning and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). At the end of the 1st and 2nd cycles, discussions are underway to design the 3rd cycle. In these discussions, access to the various specialties is conditional on passing the residency examination. In this paper, we propose a number of ideas on the possible docimological orientations to be envisaged in the continuity of the innovative framework of the reorganization of medical studies in Algeria. Therefore, this article was conducted to improve the efficiency, equity, and integrity of the resident selection process. We aim to provide some reflections for educational leaders with a clear framework and consistent language to facilitate national discussions.
Honey has a long history of use in many cultures as food and medicine. It is a food of animal origin closely linked to the territory, due to honeybees need the flora to obtain the honey. Melissopalynology plays a significant role in the identification of the distinctive food print of honey throughout its pollen content, being essential for guaranteeing origin. Algeria is the largest country in North Africa and possesses a diversified territory with different ecosystems that host wide plant biodiversity. Apiculture relies heavily on the pollination of plant species and the conservation of biodiversity, but also is a good source of economic income in rural areas. In Algeria, knowledge about plant resources for honey bees and the properties of the honey is raising interest. In this context, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different ecosystems of Algeria, the main pollen types found in the pollen spectra of honey and the principal honey types described.
Daboia mauritanica (Gray, 1849), Moorish Viper, is native to North Africa. We update the distribution map for this species in Algeria, providing 19 new locality records, filling distribution gaps and significantly expanding the species’ known range. Our updated distribution map reveals a widespread presence of the species in northern Algeria, extending south into the northern Sahara. We note that some historical records in certain provinces remain unconfirmed and/or questionable, indicating the need for further investigation. Our findings underscore the importance of collaboration between researchers and citizen scientists in Algeria.
Aphids cause biotic stress and vector diseases. However, wheat’s morphological and biochemical responses to aphid infestation are poorly studied. Our study evaluated the varietal behavior of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) against Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) in laboratory conditions. We studied morphological trait variation (plant height [HP], flag leaf area [SFDF], leaf area [SF], spike length [LE], and beard length [LB]) and biochemical characteristics (chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and proline contents) of three varieties in Algeria: MBB, BOU, and GTA. MBB is the least affected, with a 13.34 % infestation rate. The heaviest infestation occurs during the heading stage. All morphological factors decreased in length or surface between control and infested samples. ANOVA showed significant variations for HP, LE, SFDF, and SF but not LB. Biochemical parameters decrease in GTA. In MBB, chlorophyll and soluble sugars decrease while proline increases. For BOU, soluble sugars decrease while chlorophyll and proline increase. Only soluble sugars showed a significant statistical variation between control and infested plants. HP is affected by aphid infestation, which is of higher significance for MBB. Proline content is affected in BOU and GTA. There is no significant variation between aphid infestation and chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and proline levels for MBB. The effect of R. maidis infestation is less important on MBB. HP, SFDF, SF, and LE are morphological selection criteria for R. maidis infestation resistance. Proline is a biochemical selection criterion. Genetic and molecular analyses are required to identify genes for programs that enhance durum wheat’s resistance to R. maidis infestations.
The article focuses on the generalization of Fuglede's theorem and the solvability of operator equations. Topics include extending Fuglede's theorem to non-normal operators, deriving criteria for solving operator equations such as AX − XB = C, and using inner inverses to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for operator equation solutions.
A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) comprises multiple parts constructed from different materials. This complexity presents challenges in designing the blade structure. In this study, we investigated a structural optimization of a small-scale blade for a VAWT, with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model. The purpose is to minimize the blade mass while adhering to a suite of critical wind conditions according to the IEC 61400-2 Standard. The structure made from Aluminum material simulates structure’s global behavior to determine maximum stress and deflection levels. The same structure is modeled using Glass/Epoxy composite for optimizing its design. Twenty combinations of Glass/Epoxy layers, varying in ply thickness and orientation, are simulated to find the most suitable combination. Results demonstrated that the optimization case [45°/90°/0°/−45°] obtained the minimum values of stress and deflection, is 59% lighter than Aluminum blade (initial design). The designed Glass/Epoxy composite blade is acceptable and recommended for structural safety.
The construction of earth dams on active faults presents a risk of instability. The Ourkiss dam, built 14 km south of the town of Ain Fakroun, is a heterogeneous type of dam made of clay and alluvial materials, with a watertight geo-membrane lining on the upstream face of the dam and on the dam fanks. Due to its location close to active faults, the dam could be damaged by instability in the event of a very strong earthquake. For this reason, in this article a comparison between two study approaches is made: one is quasi-static based on a failure analysis due to the efect of normal and reverse fault propagation. Diferent angles of inclination are applied by sliding through the Ourkiss dam at the end of construction and in the flled state. The other approach is based on the dynamic efect of the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake (magnitude 6.9 on the Richter scale), modeled with a sinusoidal propagation velocity applied to the model base in the horizontal direction. The results obtained for both approaches are presented in terms of shear deformations developed at the dam foundation and dike. They show that the deformation values found by the quasi-static method are greater than those found by the dynamic method.
This paper studies the phenomenon of hydraulic jump in compound channels using a numerical model and provides remarkable results. Several values of the opening parameter, h1, are utilized to generate the hydraulic jumps. A recirculation zone is detected by studying the RNG-K-Ɛ turbulent Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model, which is distinguished by the modified directions of the velocity vectors. When comparedwith the experimental values, the numerical simulation demonstrated very good accuracy, with an error of no more than 9.4%. The results underline the reliability and usefulness of the VOF turbulence model for understanding and simulating the hydraulic processes in compound channels.
The present study records the first observation of a female Delta dimidiatipenne constructing its nest in Oran (NW-Algeria). The nest construction and developments thereafter were monitored every three days from July to September 2022 (70 days). Ultimately four female wasps were successfully emerged. This first record will be useful for future studies on the distribution, behaviour, ecology and conservation in this semi-arid region.
In this paper, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with optimization is proposed to determine the optimal annual energy output of a small-scale residential bifacial PV system, considering constraints input parameters such as albedo type, module height, tilt angle, and spacing. This could be done by quantifying the relationship between the variable input parameters and the corresponding output parameter where RSM is integrated with PVsyst simulation tool for the analysis. The proposed Box-Behnken design (BBD) optimization required 29 runs for data acquisition and modelling the response surface and Design-Expert software was used to design the experiments and randomize the runs. Regression model was developed and its adequacy was verified to predict the output value at nearly all conditions. The optimization study shows that the system produces the maximum yearly energy when the ground albedo is 0.71, module height is 1.68 m, tilt angle is 19.42°, and module spacing is 7.42 m. These characteristics were found using the meteorological conditions in Tamanrasset, Algeria.
